Health & Diseases

Overview of Poultry Diseases

• Animal Disease Information (World Organization for Animal Health) HTML
• Avian Immune Systems (University of Florida) PDF / HTML
• Avian Necropsy Techniques (University of Florida) PDF / HTML
• Bacterial Diseases (Mississippi State University) PDF
• Bacterial Diseases of Poultry Excluding Respiratory Diseases (Oklahoma State University) PDF
• Common Poultry Diseases (University of Florida) PDF / HTML
• Common Poultry Diseases in Small Farm Flocks in Oklahoma (Oklahoma State University) PDF 
• Diagnosis of Poultry Disease (Canadian Poultry Consultants LTD) HTML
• Diseases of Chickens (Clemson University) PDF
• Diseases of Poultry (Mississippi State University Extension) PDF / HTML
• Disease of Small Poultry Flocks (University of Minnesota) PDF
• Disease Problems of Commercial Pullets: Rearing and Laying (Poultry Health Services) HTML
• Eye Disorders of Poultry (University of Florida) PDF / HTML
• Factors Causing Poor Pigmentation of Brown-Shelled Eggs (University of Florida) PDF / HTML
• Impact of Dietary and Environmental Factors on Microbial Communities of the Avian GI Tract (Poultry Health Services) HTML
• Intestinal Integrity and the Impact of Losing It (Alabama Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratories) HTML
• Organization and Use of Serological Monitoring Service for the Poultry Industry - Dissertation: Diploma in Poultry Medicine and Production (Poultry Health Services) HTML
• Poultry Disease Diagnosis (Mississippi State University) PDF
• Poultry Diseases and Medications for Small Flocks (University of Connecticut) HTML
• Poultry Health Monitoring - Benefits of Computerized Systems (Poultry Health Services) HTML
• Practical Illustrations of Risk Assessment and Risk Management in the Poultry Industry (British Veterinary Poultry Association) HTML
• Wet Litter in Turkeys: Diseases and Interactions (Poultry Health Services) HTML
• Zoonotic Diseases - Part I: Bird to Human Transmission - Chlamydiosis (Psittacosis, Parrot Fever), Salmonellosis (Winged Wisdom, Pet Bird Magazine, May 1998) HTML
• Zoonotic Diseases - Part II: Bird to Human Transmission - Allergic Alveolitus, Campylobacteriosis, New Castles Disease (Winged Wisdom, Pet Bird Magazine, June 1998) HTML
• Zoonotic Diseases - Part III: Bird to Human Transmission - Avian Tuberculosis (Winged Wisdom, Pet Bird Magazine, July 1998) HTML

Specific Diseases

Ascites

• Ascites (The Poultry Site) HTML
• Ascites Syndrome in Meat-Type Chickens (Ontario Ministry of Ag, Food & Rural Affairs) HTML
• Ascites Syndrome in Poultry (Merck Veterinary Manual) HTML
• Causes of Ascites in Poultry (eXtension) HTML
• Feeding to Reduce Ascites in Poultry (WATTAgNet.com) HTML

Avian Influenza

• Avian and Other Zoonotic Influenza (World Health Organization) HTML
• Avian Influenza (College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota) HTML
• Avian Influenza (USDA) HTML
• Avian Influenza (USDA-APHIS) HTML
• Avian Influenza (USGS) HTML
• Avian Influenza: A Guide for Veterinarians & Companion Animal Owners (Minnesota Dept of Agriculture) PDF
• Avian Influenza: A Minnesota Cooperative Control Program (University of Minnesota) PDF
• Avian Influenza A (H7N9) Virus (World Health Organization) HTML
• Avian Influenza Basics for Pigeon Owners (University of Minnesota Extension) PDF / HTML
• Avian Influenza (Bird Flu): Implications for Human Disease (CIDRAP) HTML
• Avian Influenza Disease (USDA-APHIS) HTML
• Avian Influenza - DNR Tests for Virus in Minnesota (Minnesota Dept of Natural Resources) HTML
• Avian Influenza - How Will It Affect Me? (eXtension) HTML
• Avian Influenza: Human Pandemic Concerns (CAST) PDF
• Avian Influenza in Poultry (University of Florida) PDF / HTML
• Avian Influenza Prevention in Gamebird and Ratite Facilities (Kansas State University) PDF
• Disposal of Domestic Birds Infected by Avian Influenza - An Overview of Considerations and Options (US EPA) PDF
• Information on Avian Influenza (Centers for Disease Control & Prevention) HTML
• Minnesota Responds to Avian Influenza (Minnesota Board of Animal Health) HTML
• Pigeons and Influenza Viruses (University of MInnesota Extension) PDF / HTML
• Protecting Us from Avian Flu (University of Minnesota) HTML

Blackhead Disease

• Blackhead (Michigan Dept of Natural Resources) HTML
• Blackhead Disease in Poults (Miller Hatcheries/Alberta Agriculture) HTML
• Blackhead Disease in Turkeys (University of Nebraska) PDF
• Infectious Enterohepatitis (Blackhead) (Iowas State University) PDF
• Preventing Blackhead Disease in Turkeys and Game Birds (Kansas State University) PDF

Cannibalism

• Cannibalism in Poultry (University of Saskatchewan) HTML
• Cannibalism in the Small Poultry Flock (Kansas State University) PDF
• Cannibalism: Prevention and Treatment (Pennsylvania State University) PDF / HTML
• Cannibalism: Prevention and Treatment (Virginia Tech) HTML
• Causes of Pecking and Cannibalism (Mississippi State University) HTML
• Feather Pecking and Cannibalism in Small and Backyard Poultry Flocks (eXtension) HTML

Cellulitis

• Cellulitis (Poultry Med) HTML
• Cellulitis (The Poultry Site) HTML
• Clostridial Dermatitis and Cellulitis: An Emerging Disease of Turkeys (University of Minnesota) HTML
• Persistence of Cellulitis-associated Escherichia coli DNA Fingerprints in Successive Broiler Chicken Flocks (Vet. Microbiol. 75 (2000) 59-71) PDF / HTML

Chlamydia

• Avian Chlamydiosis (Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz., 2000, 19(2), 396-404) PDF
• Chlamydia Psittaci (Avian Services Center, Avian Biotech International) HTML
• Chlamydiosis in Poultry (poultrykeeper.com) HTML
• Overview of Avian Chlamydiosis (Psittacosis, Ornithosis, Parrot Fever) (Merck Veterinary Manual) HTML
• Psittacosis (Illinois State University) HTML
• Psittacosis (Iowa State University) HTML
• Psittacosis/Avian Chlamydiosis (Iowa State University) PDF
• Psittacosis (Avian Chlamydiosis) Fact Sheet (Virginia Tech) HTML
• Psittacosis: Technical Information (Centers for Disease Control & Prevention) HTML

Cholera

• Facts About Fowl Cholera (South Dakota State University) PDF
• Fowl Cholera (Cornell University) HTML
• Fowl Cholera (Michigan Department of Natural Resources) HTML
• Fowl Cholera (University of Nebraska) PDF
• Fowl Cholera (Queensland Government, Australia) HTML
• Fowl Cholera in Poultry (eXtension) HTML
• Overview of Fowl Cholera (Merck Veterinary Manual) HTML

Clostridium

• Clostridial Proliferation and Intestinal Instability (Poultry Health Services) HTML
• Clostridium Perfringens: The Causal Agent of Necrotic Enteritis in Poultry (Doctoral Thesis, Swedish University of Ag Sciences) PDF
• Keeping Clostridial Enteritis Away from Poultry Flocks (Poultry World) HTML

Coccidiosis

• Coccidiosis (Kansas State University) PDF
• Coccidiosis (PoultryHub) HTML
• Coccidiosis in Chickens (Alberta Agriculture & Forestry ) HTML
• Coccidiosis in Chickens (University of Arkansas) PDF
• Coccidiosis in Chickens (University of California) PDF
• Coccidiosis Information for Small Flock Owners (University of Florida) PDF
• Coccidiosis in Poultry (Clemson University) PDF
• Experience with Coccidiosis Vaccine Use in Turkeys (Mississippi State University) PDF
• Overview of Coccidiosis in Poultry (Merck Veterinary Manual) HTML
• Parasite Management for Natural and Organic Poultry: Coccidiosis (ATTRA) PDF / HTML

Coryza

• Infectious Coryza (Cornell University) HTML
• Infectious Coryza (PoultryHub) HTML
• Infectious Coryza in Poultry (eXtension) HTML
• Overview of Infectious Coryza in Chickens (Merck Veterinary Manual) HTML

Eastern Equine Encephalitis

• Eastern Equine Encephalitis (USDA-APHIS) PDF
• Eastern Equine Encephalitis in Poultry (eXtension) HTML
• Questions Regarding Eastern Equine Encephalitis and Horses (Rutgers University) HTML

Encephalitis

• Overview of Viral Encephalitides in Poultry (Merck Veterinary Manual) HTML
• St. Louis Encephalitis -- The Role of Chickens (University of Florida) PDF / HTML
• Viral Encephalitis: The Role of Birds (University of Florida) PDF

Enteritis

• Duck Plague - Duck Virus Enteritis (National Wildlife Health Center, USGS) HTML
• Duck Virus Enteritis (Michigan Department of Natural Resources) HTML
• Necrotic Enteritis (University of Arkansas) PDF
• Overview of Necrotic Enteritis in Poultry (Merck Veterinary Manual) HTML
• Poult Enteritis and Mortality Syndrome (North Carolina State University) HTML
• Turkey Poult Enteritis (Indiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Lab) HTML

Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV)

• Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus (Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz., 2000, 19(2) 493-508) PDF
• Effects of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus (Arkanasas Strain) on Vaccinated Laying Chickens (University of Minnesota) HTML
• Infectious Bronchitis Virus: Classical and Variant Avian Strains (University of Florida) PDF / HTML
• Infectious Bronchitis and its Effect on Egg Production and Egg Quality (University of Florida) PDF / HTML
• Overview of Infectious Bronchitis in Poultry (Merck Veterinary Manual) HTML

Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD)

• Gumbobo Disease ( HTML
• Infectious Bursal Disease (Washington State University) HTML
• Infectious Bursal Disease (Gumboro) in Commercial Broilers (University of Florida) PDF / HTML
• Infectious Bursal Disease (or Gumboro) (PoultryHub) HTML
• Overview of Infectious Bursal Disease in Poultry (Merck Veterinary Manual) HTML

Infectious Laryngotracheitis (ILT)

• Avian Infectious Laryngotracheitis - Chapter 2.3.3 of OIE Terrestrial Manual-2008 (OIE World Organization for Animal Health) PDF
• Diseases of Poultry: Laryngotracheitis (The Poultry Site) HTML
• Episode of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Affecting Mississippi Broiler-Breeders and Broilers in 2002-2003 (Mississippi State University) PDF
• Infectious Laryngotracheitis (Michigan State University) PDF
• Infectious Laryngotracheitis (ILT) in Poultry (Alberta Agriculture & Forestry) PDF / HTML
• Infectious Laryngotracheitis (ILT): Know the Symptoms and What to do if Your Flock is Affected (Maryland Coop Extension) PDF
• Overview of Infectious Laryngotracheitis in Poultry (Merck Veterinary Manual) HTML

Marek's Disease

• Marek's Disease (Miller Hatcheries) HTML
• Marek's Disease in Backyard Chicken Flocks (University of California-Davis) PDF 
• Marek's Disease in Poultry (Merck Veterinary Manual) HTML
• Marek's Disease in Small Flocks (The Poultry Site) HTML
• Marek's Disease Overview for Backyard Poultry Owners (University of California-Davis) PDF
• Recognizing and Preventing Marek's Disease in Small Flocks (University of Maryland) PDF

Mycoplasma

• Avian Mycoplasmosis (Mycoplasma Gallisepticum) (Iowa State University) PDF
• Diseases of Poultry: Mycoplasma (The Poultry Site) HTML
• Mycoplasma Gallisepticum (Cornell University) HTML
• Mycoplasma Gallisepticum - A Continuing Problem in Commercial Poultry (University of Florida) PDF / HTML
• Mycoplasma Gallisepticum: FAQ (University of Maine) HTML
• Mycoplasma Gallisepticum Infection of Backyard and Commercial Poultry Operations (Purdue University) HTML
• Mycoplasma: How to Deal with a Persistent and Uiquitous Pathogen (University of California) PDF
• Mycoplasma Synoviae Fact Sheet (Washington State University) HTML
• Mycoplasma: What Is It? (WVU Extension) PDF
• Recognizing and Preventing Mycoplasm Gallisepticum (MG) Infection in Poultry (University of Maryland) PDF

Newcastle Disease / Exotic Newcastle Disease

• Cracking Down on Newcastle Disease (New Agriculturist On-line) HTML
• Enfermedad de Newcastle Virulenta - Información para Propietarious de Aves (University of California-Davis) PDF
• Exotic Newcastle Disease (Clemson University) PDF
• Exotic Newcastle Disease (Pennsylvania State University) HTML
• Exotic Newcastle Disease in Caged (Exotic) Birds (University of California-Davis) HTML
• Newcastle Disease (Iowa State University) PDF
• Newcastle Disease (USDA-ARS) HTML
• Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) (Avian Biotech International) HTML
• Newcastle Disease: What Nebraska Poultry Producers Need to Know (University of Nebraska) HTML
• Pigeons and Exotic Newcastle Disease (University of California-Davis) PDF
• Recommendations to Prevent the Spread of Exotic Newcastle Disease (University of California-Davis) HTML

Pneumovirus

• Avian Pneumovirus and its Survival in Poultry Litter (University of Minnesota) HTML
• Avian Pneumovirus Infection in Minnesota Turkeys: Experimental Reproduction of the Disease (University of Minnesota) HTML
• Diagnosis, Management and Control of Avian Pneumovirus Infection in Broiler Parent Chickens (Poultry Health Services, UK) PDF
• Review of Avian Pneumovirus (Roche Vitamins) PDF
• Susceptibility of Broiler Chicks to Infection by Avian Pneumovirus of Turkey Origin (University of Minnesota) HTML

Pox

• Avian Pox (Cornell University) HTML
• Avian Pox (Michigan Department of Natural Resources) HTML
• Avian Pox (USGS) HTML
• Avian Pox in Small Flocks (University of Arkansas) PDF
• Fowl Pox in Poultry (eXtension) HTML
• Pox Virus in Poultry - Increased Numbers Over the Summer and Into the Fall Season (Clemson University) PDF 
• Preventing Avian Pox (University of California-Davis) PDF
• Prevention and Control of Fowl Pox in Backyard Chicken Flocks (University of Florida) PDF / HTML
• Recognizing and Preventing Avian Pox in Small Flocks (University of Maryland) PDF

Rhinotracheitis

• Ornithobacterium Rhinotracheale: A Review (Avian Pathology, 28:3, 217-227) PDF/ HTML
• Ornithobacterium Rhinotracheale Infection in Commercial Laying-type Chickens (University of Minnesota) HTML
• Ornithobacterium Rhinotracheale Infection in Turkeys: Immunoproplylaxis Studies (University of Minnesota) HTML

Salmonella

• Biosecurity and Vaccination in Eradicating Salmonella Enteritidis (Poultry Health Services) HTML
• Commercial Salmonella Enteritidis ELISA Test: Results Arising for its Use in Monitoring for Infection and Response to an Inactivated Vaccine (Poultry Health Services) HTML
• Economic Impact of the Salmonella Enteritidis Control Program to the Egg Industry In California (University of California-Davis) PDF
• Genes for Resistance to Salmonella in Poultry (Iowa State Univesity) PDF
• Good Management Practcies for Salmonella Risk Reduction in the Production of Table Eggs (University of Minnesota) HTML
• Questions & Answers ABout Salmonella (National Chicken Council) HTML
• Salmonella Control and Molting of Egg Laying Flocks - Are They Compatible? (University of Florida) PDF / HTML
• Salmonella on the Farm (Minnesota Dept of Health; UMASH) PDF

Skeletal Problems

• Broiler Tip... Leg Problems in Broilers (University of Georgia Coop Extension) PDF
• Infectious Skeletal Disorders in Poultry (Merck Veterinary Manual) HTML
• Leg and Foot Disorders in Domestic Fowl (Pennsylvania State University) PDF / HTML
• Leg and Foot Disorders in Domestic Fowl (Virginia State University) HTML
• Leg and Skeletal Problems (PoultryHub) HTML
• Leg Problems in Broilers and Turkeys (Kansas State University) PDF
• Nutritional Factors That Affect Leg Problems in Broilers and Turkeys (Avian & Poultry Biology Reviews) HTML
• Overview of Disorders of the Skeletal System in Poultry (Merck Veterinary Manual) HTML

Spiking Mortality

• PEMS and Spiking Mortality of Turkeys (The Poultry Site) HTML
• Poult Enteritis and Mortality Syndrome (North Carolina State University) HTML
• Spiking Mortality of Chickens (The Poultry Site) HTML

West Nile Virus

• Farmers and West Nile Virus (Ohio State University Extension) HTML
• Farmers, Chickens, and West Nile Virus (Mississippi State University) PDF
• Frequently Asked Questions About  Birds and West Nile Virus (Ohio State University Extension) HTML
• West Nile (University of Minnesota) HTML
• West Nile Encephalitis and Poultry (Pennsylvania State University) PDF / HTML
• West Nile Virus (Minnesota Dept of Health) HTML
• West Nile Virus (Centers for Disease Control & Prevention) HTML
• West Nile Virus (Connecticut Ag Experiment Station) PDF
• West Nile Virus and Chickens (Kansas State University) PDF
• West Nile Virus Key Facts (University of Minnesota) PDF
• West Nile Virus: The Twin Cities' Source for Local Information About West Nile Virus (University of Minnesota) HTML
• West Nile Virus (WNV) (USGS) HTML

Miscellaneous Diseases

• Aspergillosis (The Poultry Site) HTML
• Aspergillosis (USGS) PDF
• Aspergillosis in Poultry (eXtension) HTML
• Cage Layer Fatigue (eXtension) HTML
• Chicken Anaemia Virus Infection (or CAV) (PoultryHub) HTML
• Chicken Anemia Agent (CAA) (University of Florida) PDF / HTML
• Hypocalcemia, Sudden Death, Osteoporosis, or Cage Layer Fatigue-Poultry (Merck Veterinary Manual) HTML
• Overview of Aspergillosis in Poultry (Merck Veterinary Manual) HTML
• Overview of Chicken Anemia Virus Infection (Merck Veterinary Manual) HTML
• Pigeon Canker (University of Florida) PDF / HTML
• Rickets and Cage Layer Fatigue (PoultryHub) HTML

Disease Prevention

General Information

• Control of Poultry Disease Outbreaks (University of Missouri) HTML
• Disease Prevention in Commercial Aviaries (University of Florida) PDF / HTML
• Economic Impact of the Salmonella Enteritidis Control Program to the Egg Industry In California (University of California-Davis) PDF
• Improved Aviculture Management May Prevent Candidiasis in Birds (University of Florida) PDF / HTML
• Poultry Health Management for Commercial Poultry (Canadian Poultry Consultants LTD) HTML
• Preventing Avian Pox (University of California-Davis) PDF
• Prevention and Control of Fowl Pox in Backyard Chicken Flocks (University of Florida) PDF / HTML
• Prevention of Poultry Disease (University of Missouri) PDF / HTML
• Recognizing and Preventing Avian Pox in Small Flocks (University of Maryland) PDF
• Recognizing and Preventing Marek's Disease in Small Flocks (University of Maryland) PDF
• Recognizing and Preventing Mycoplasm Gallisepticum (MG) Infection in Poultry (University of Maryland) PDF
• Recommendations to Prevent the Spread of Exotic Newcastle Disease (University of California-Davis) HTML

Biosecurity

• Avian Influenza Biosecruity Guidelines for All Poultry (Ohio State University) HTML
• Backyard Biosecurity: 6 Ways to Prevent Poultry Diseases (USDA-APHIS) PDF
• Backyard Biosecurity is the Best Defense Against Avian Influenza (Mississippi State University Extension) PDF
• Biosecurity - A Practical Approach (Pennsylvania State University) PDF / HTML
• Biosecurity and the Poultry Flock (University of Nebraska) PDF
• Biosecurity for Commercial Poultry Facilities (Massachusetts Dept of Agricultural Resources) PDF
• Biosecurity for Exotic Fowl (Texas A&M) PDF
• Biosecurity for Live Bird Markets (Massachusetts Dept of Agricultural Resources) PDF
• Biosecurity for Poultry at Community Farms (University of California) PDF
• Biosecurity for Poultry Flocks (University of California-Davis) HTML
• Biosecurity for Youth Livestock Exhibitors (Ohio State University) PDF
• Biosecurity Fundamentals for Extension Personnel (Ohio State University) PDF
• Biosecurity in the Egg Processing Plant (University of California-Davis) PDF
• Code of Practice for Biosecurity in the Egg Industry (Rural Industries Res & Dev Corp, Australia) PDF
• Disease Prevention Checklist (University of California-Davis) PDF
• Establishing Effective Disease Security (University of California-Davis) PDF
• Guidelines for Risk Reduction of Microbial Introduction into Poultry Flocks and Products (University of California-Davis) PDF
• Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines For Terrestrial Animals (World Organization for Animal Health) HTML
• Poultry Facility Biosecurity (Texas A&M) PDF

Medication

• Compatibility of Ionophore Anticoccidials with the Therapeutical Treatments (Alpharma Inc) HTML
• Drugs Approved for Use in Conventional Poultry Production (eXtension) HTML
• Poultry Diseases and Medications for Small Flocks (University of Connecticut) HTML
• Guidance for Industry - Effectiveness of Anthelmintics: General Recommendations, 2001 (US Dept of Health & Human Services) PDF
• Safety of Ionophore Anticoccidials Compatibility with Species (Alpharma Inc) HTML
• Safety of Chemical Anticoccidials Compatibility with Different Species (Alpharma Inc) HTML
• Use of Anticoccidial Medications and Vaccines in Poultry Production (eXtension) HTML
• Use of Drugs in Food Animals - Benefits and Risks  (National Academy Press) HTML

Sanitation

• Clean and Mean: Effective Targeting for Disinfectants and Disinfectant Combinations (Alberta Ag, Food & Rural Development) HTML
• Cleaning and Disinfecting Poultry Equipment and Poultry Houses (University of California-Davis) PDF
• Cleaning and Disinfection of Premises (University of Connecticut) PDF
• Cleaning and Disinfection Your Poultry House (Cornell University) HTML
• Cleaning, Disinfection and Biosecurity (University of California-Davis) PDF
• Disinfectants and Sanitation (University of Maryland Extension) HTML
• Fumigation and Sanitation of Hatching Eggs (Mississippi State Unviersity Extension) HTML
• Poultry Water Line Sanitation (Mississippi State University Extension) PDF
• Sanitation: Cleaning and Disinfectants (Mississippi State University Extension) HTML
• Sanitation-Disinfection Basics (University of California-Davis) HTML
• Sanitation of Hatching Eggs (Mississippi State Unviersity Extension) HTML

Vaccination

• Experience with Coccidiosis Vaccine Use in Turkeys (Mississippi State University) PDF
• H5N1 Influenza Virus Vaccine, Manufactured by Sanofi Pasteur, Inc. Questions and Answers (FDA) HTML
• How Do Vaccinations Protect Your Birds (Mississippi State University) PDF
• Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals (World Organization for Animal Health) HTML
• Maternal Antibody Transfer (Canadian Poultry Consultants LTD) PDF
• Poultry Vaccines for Use of Organic Farms (eXtension) HTML
• Principles of Vaccination (Canadian Poultry Consultants LTD) PDF
• Procedure and Checklist for Water Vaccination of Meat Turkey Flocks (Utah State Unviersity) PDF
• Production of Safe and Uniform Infectious Bronchitis Vaccines (Auburn University) PDF
• Use of Anticoccidial Medications and Vaccines in Poultry Production (eXtension) HTML
• Vaccinating to Reduce Risks from Chronic Respiratory Disease (The Poultry Site) HTML
• Vaccination Guide for the Small Poultry Flock (University of Nebraska) PDF
• Vaccination in the Hatchery (The Poultry Site) HTML
• Vaccination of Small Poultry Flocks (University of Florida) PDF / HTML
• Vaccination Procedure Guide (Cobb-Vantress) PDF
• Vaccination Programs in Poultry (Merck Veterinary Manual) HTML
• Vaccine Failure in Poultry: Factors to Consider (University of Florida) PDF / HTML